Id: opioidcds-09 Url: Recommendation #9 - Consider Patient's History of Controlled Substance Prescriptions Version: 2022.1.0 Identifier: value: cdc-opioid-guidance Identifier: value: urn:oid:2.16.840.1.114222.34.9 Name: PlanDefinition_Recommendation_09_Order_Sign Title: Recommendation #9 - Consider Patient's History of Controlled Substance Prescriptions Status: active Experimental: false Type: system: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/plan-definition-type code: eca-rule display: ECA Rule Date: 2025-08-06 Publisher: CDC / Security Risk Solutions, Inc. (SRS) Description: When prescribing initial opioid therapy for acute, subacute, or chronic pain, and periodically during opioid therapy for chronic pain, clinicians should review the patient's history of controlled substance prescriptions using state prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) data to determine whether the patient is receiving opioid dosages or combinations that put the patient at high risk for overdose. Logic Definitions: Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSREC09 Chronic Pain Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential Prescriptions 0 define "Chronic Pain Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential Prescriptions": ( Common."Is Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential?"( ContextPrescriptions ) ) AmbulatoryOpioidPrescription where Routines."Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Prescription?"( AmbulatoryOpioidPrescription ) Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSREC09 Patient Is Being Prescribed Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential 1 define "Patient Is Being Prescribed Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential": exists( "Chronic Pain Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential Prescriptions" ) Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommonConfig Age Less than 18 Years Is Enabled 2 // CDC 2022 General Inclusion Criteria define "Age Less than 18 Years Is Enabled": true Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Patient Age Less Than 18 3 define "Patient Age Less Than 18": if (Config."Age Less than 18 Years Is Enabled") then AgeInYearsAt(Today()) < 18 else false Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommonConfig Sickle Cell Check Enabled 4 // Sickle Cell define "Sickle Cell Check Enabled": true Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommonConfig Sickle Cell Assumed Active 5 define "Sickle Cell Assumed Active": true Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommon US Core-Categorized Conditions 6 // 3. Medications indicating end of life /* or exists ( "Medications Indicating End of Life" ) */ define "US Core-Categorized Conditions": [Condition: category in "Encounter Diagnosis Condition Category"] union [Condition: category in "Problem List Condition Category"] union [Condition: category in "US Core Health Concern Condition Category"] Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommon Positive Sickle Cell Condition 7 define "Positive Sickle Cell Condition": if Config."Sickle Cell Check Enabled" and not Config."Sickle Cell Assumed Active" then ( "US Core-Categorized Conditions" C where C.code in "Sickle Cell Diseases" and C.clinicalStatus in "Active Condition" ) else if Config."Sickle Cell Check Enabled" and Config."Sickle Cell Assumed Active" then ( "US Core-Categorized Conditions" C where C.code in "Sickle Cell Diseases" ) else null Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Condition Positive for Sickle Cell 8 define "Condition Positive for Sickle Cell": if (Config."Sickle Cell Check Enabled") then exists( Common."Positive Sickle Cell Condition" ) else false Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommonConfig Active Cancer Treatment Encounters Condition Is Enabled 9 // Active Cancer Treatment define "Active Cancer Treatment Encounters Condition Is Enabled": true Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Encounter Period 10 // End of Opioid Naive Routine /* ** Routine #3 ** Active Cancer Treatment Routine ** ** Definition | Answer to Proceed | Details | Data (Terminology) Requirement ** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** Two office visits within the | No | Look for a minimum of two distinct | Office Visit ** past 12 months | | encounters within 12 months of the date | ** | | of the current visit for which each of the | ** | | following is true: | ** | | - the encounter diagnosis (primary or | ** | | secondary or co-morbidity diagnosis) | ** | | is listed in the CDC Malignant Cancer | ** | | Conditions value set | ** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** Office visits with an | No | The encounter is performed by an | Oncology specialty ** oncology specialist | | oncologist as defined in the oncology | designations (NUCC) ** present | | specialty designations using the | ** | | National Uniform Claim Committee | ** | | (NUCC) classifications | ** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** Office visits including CDC | No | The encounter diagnosis (primary or | CDC malignant cancer ** malignant cancer | | secondary or co-morbidity diagnosis) | conditions ** condition | | is listed in the CDC Malignant Cancer | ** | | Conditions value set | ** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** */ define "Encounter Period": Interval[Today() - 12 months, Today()) Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommon USCore Encounter Cancer Diagnoses 11 define "USCore Encounter Cancer Diagnoses": [Condition: category in "Encounter Diagnosis Condition Category"] CancerDiagnoses where CancerDiagnoses.code in "CDC malignant cancer conditions" Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period 12 // encounter-diagnosis, problem-list and health-concern Conditions // define "US Core-Categorized Cancer Diagnoses": // Common."US Core-Categorized Conditions" C // where C.code in Common."CDC malignant cancer conditions" // define "Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period": // [Encounter] Encounter // with "US Core-Categorized Cancer Diagnoses" CancerDiagnosis // such that date from Encounter.period."start".value in day of "Encounter Period" // and EndsWith(CancerDiagnosis.encounter.reference, Encounter.id) define "Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period": [Encounter] Encounters where date from Encounters.period."start" in day of "Encounter Period" and exists ( Common."USCore Encounter Cancer Diagnoses" CancerDiagnoses where EndsWith(CancerDiagnoses.encounter.reference, Encounters.id) ) Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Number of Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period 13 define "Number of Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period": Count ("Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period") Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Has Two or More Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period 14 define "Has Two or More Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period": "Number of Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period" >= 2 Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommon USCore Problem List Cancer Diagnoses 15 define "USCore Problem List Cancer Diagnoses": [Condition: category in "Problem List Condition Category"] CancerDiagnoses where CancerDiagnoses.code in "CDC malignant cancer conditions" Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Has Active Cancer Diagnosis on Problem List 16 define "Has Active Cancer Diagnosis on Problem List": exists ( Common."USCore Problem List Cancer Diagnoses" CancerDiagnoses where CancerDiagnoses.category in Common."Problem List Condition Category" and exists( CancerDiagnoses.clinicalStatus.coding ClinicalStatus where ClinicalStatus.code ~ 'active' ) ) Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Is Active Cancer Treatment? 17 define "Is Active Cancer Treatment?": if (Config."Active Cancer Treatment Encounters Condition Is Enabled") then "Has Two or More Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period" or "Has Active Cancer Diagnosis on Problem List" else false Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommonConfig End-Stage Disease Criteria Enabled 18 // CDC 2022 General Inclusion Criteria define "End-Stage Disease Criteria Enabled": true Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Conditions Likely Terminal for Opioid Prescribing 19 define "Conditions Likely Terminal for Opioid Prescribing": if (Config."End-Stage Disease Criteria Enabled") then exists ( Common."US Core-Categorized Conditions" EOLC where EOLC.code in Common."Conditions likely terminal for opioid prescribing" // and EOLC.clinicalStatus in Common."Active Condition" ) else false Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines CDC 2022 Guideline General Inclusion Criteria 20 define "CDC 2022 Guideline General Inclusion Criteria": not "Patient Age Less Than 18" and not "Condition Positive for Sickle Cell" and not "Is Active Cancer Treatment?" and not "Conditions Likely Terminal for Opioid Prescribing" Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommonConfig PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days Criteria Enabled 21 // Recommendation 9 define "PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days Criteria Enabled": true Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSREC09 Look Back 90 Days 22 define "Look Back 90 Days": Interval[Today() - 90 days, Today()] Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSREC09 PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days 23 define "PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days": Config."PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days Criteria Enabled" and not ( exists ( [Procedure: Common."PDMP review procedure"] P where P.status ~ 'completed' and P.performed during "Look Back 90 Days" ) or exists ( [Observation: Common."PDMP data reviewed finding"] O where O.status in { 'final', 'amended' } and ( if O.effective is FHIR.Period then (O.effective as FHIR.Period) during day of "Look Back 90 Days" else if O.effective is FHIR.dateTime then date from O.effective in day of "Look Back 90 Days" else false ) ) ) Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSREC09 Inclusion Criteria 24 define "Inclusion Criteria": "Patient Is Being Prescribed Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential" and Routines."CDC 2022 Guideline General Inclusion Criteria" and "PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days" Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSREC09 Exclusion Criteria 25 define "Exclusion Criteria": false Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSREC09 Is Recommendation Applicable? 26 define "Is Recommendation Applicable?": "Inclusion Criteria" and not "Exclusion Criteria" Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommon Is Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential? 27 define function "Is Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential?"(value List<MedicationRequest>): ("Get MedicationRequest Medication as Code"(value)) Rx where Rx.medication in "Opioid analgesics with ambulatory misuse potential" and Rx.category in "Community" Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommon Get MedicationRequest Medication as Code 28 define function "Get MedicationRequest Medication as Code"(value List<MedicationRequest>): value Rx let Med: if Rx.medication is Reference then singleton from ( [Medication] M where M.id = (Last(Split((Rx.medication as FHIR.Reference).reference, '/'))) ) else null return MedicationRequest { id: Rx.id, status: Rx.status, intent: Rx.intent, category: Rx.category, medication: if Rx.medication is Reference then Med.code else Rx.medication as CodeableConcept, subject: Rx.subject, authoredOn: Rx.authoredOn, recorder: Rx.recorder, dosageInstruction: Rx.dosageInstruction, dispenseRequest: Rx.dispenseRequest } Library Name Name sequence FHIRHelpers ToString 29 define function ToString(value string): value.value Library Name Name sequence FHIRHelpers ToConcept 30 define function ToConcept(concept FHIR.CodeableConcept): if concept is null then null else System.Concept { codes: concept.coding C return ToCode(C), display: concept.text.value } Library Name Name sequence FHIRHelpers ToCode 31 define function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding): if coding is null then null else System.Code { code: coding.code.value, system: coding.system.value, version: coding.version.value, display: coding.display.value } Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Prescription? 32 // End of Active Cancer Treatment Routine /* ** Routine #4 ** For Subacute or Chronic Pain Routine ** ** Definition | Answer to Proceed | Details | Data (Terminology) Requirement ** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** Order for opioid analgesic | Yes | Order for opioid analgesics with ambulatory | Opioid analgesics with ** with expected supply | | misuse potential with a supply duration of >= | ambulatory misuse potential ** duration >= 28 days | | 28 days | ** | | | ** | | - Subacute definition = order for opioid | ** | | analgesics with ambulatory misuse | ** | | potential with a supply duration of one to | ** | | two months. | ** | | - Chronic pain definition = order for opioid | ** | | analgesics with ambulatory misuse | ** | | potential with a supply duration of >= two | ** | | months. | ** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** */ define function "Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Prescription?"(prescription FHIR.MedicationRequest): "Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Expected Supply Duration"(prescription) or "Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Validity Period"(prescription) Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Expected Supply Duration 33 define function "Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Expected Supply Duration"(prescription FHIR.MedicationRequest): ( prescription.dispenseRequest is not null and prescription.dispenseRequest.expectedSupplyDuration is not null and ( Common.GetDurationInDays(prescription.dispenseRequest.expectedSupplyDuration) >= 28 days ) ) Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSCommon GetDurationInDays 34 define function GetDurationInDays(value FHIR.Duration): if value is null then null else case when value.code.value ~ 'a' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value * 365.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'mo' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value * 30.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'wk' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value * 7.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'd' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'h' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value / 24.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'min' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value / 60.0 / 24.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 's' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value / 60.0 / 60.0 / 24.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'ms' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value / 60.0 / 60.0 / 24.0 / 1000.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value is null then Message(1000, true, 'Undefined', 'Error', 'Duration unit code is null') else Message(1000, true, 'Undefined', 'Error', 'Unsupported duration unit code: ' + value.code.value) end Library Name Name sequence OpioidCDSRoutines Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Validity Period 35 define function "Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Validity Period"(prescription FHIR.MedicationRequest): ( prescription.dispenseRequest is not null and prescription.dispenseRequest.validityPeriod is not null and ( days between prescription.dispenseRequest.validityPeriod.start and prescription.dispenseRequest.validityPeriod.end >= 28 ) ) Library Name Name sequence FHIRHelpers ToDateTime 36 define function ToDateTime(value dateTime): value.value Library Name Name sequence FHIRHelpers ToString 37 define function ToString(value ProcedureStatus): value.value Library Name Name sequence FHIRHelpers ToInterval 38 define function ToInterval(period FHIR.Period): if period is null then null else if period."start" is null then Interval(period."start".value, period."end".value] else Interval[period."start".value, period."end".value] Library Name Name sequence FHIRHelpers ToString 39 define function ToString(value ObservationStatus): value.value Library Name Name sequence FHIRHelpers ToDateTime 40 define function ToDateTime(value instant): value.value Knowledge Capability: shareable computable executable publishable Use Context: code value display focus 182888003 Medication requested (situation) focus 82423001 Chronic pain (finding) focus 274663001 Acute pain (finding) focus Purpose: The 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain is intended to improve communication between clinicians and patients about the benefits and risks of pain treatments, including opioid therapy; improve the effectiveness and safety of pain treatment; mitigate pain; improve function and quality of life for patients with pain; and reduce risks associated with opioid pain therapy, including opioid use disorder, overdose, and death. The recommendations do not apply to pain related to sickle cell disease or cancer or to patients receiving palliative or end-of-life care. Usage: At a minimum, during long-term opioid therapy, PDMP data should be reviewed before an initial opioid prescription and then every 3 months or more frequently. Copyright: © CDC 2016+. Related Artifacts: Documentation 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain Libraries: Library - Recommendation #9 - Consider Patient's History of Controlled Substance Prescriptions Actions: Before Ordering Opioids, Review PDMP Data: Review PDMP data for this patient before completing an opioid order.#xD; #xD; For guidance about utilizing PDMP information to improve patient safety, see [Recommendation 9 of the 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#:~:text=Clinicians%20should%20take,see%20Recommendation%2010).).#xD; #xD; [CDC advises not to dismiss patients from your practice on the basis of PDMP information](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#:~:text=Clinicians%20should%20not%20dismiss,Recommendations%208%20and%2012%5D).) When: Named Event: order-sign If: Applicability: Check whether the current order is for an opioid with ambulatory misuse potential, if the 2022 CDC guideline general inclusion criteria is met or there exists evidence of a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) review procedure or finding occurred in the past 90 days. (Is Recommendation Applicable?) Then: : Access Data - Launch app to review PDMP data Then: : Document - PDMP data reviewed, snooze 3 months Then: : Snooze* - N/A see comment, snooze 3 months Then:
Value set Opioid analgesics with ambulatory misuse potential
Value set Encounter Diagnosis Condition Category
Value set Problem List Condition Category
Value set US Core Health Concern Condition Category
Value set CDC malignant cancer conditions
Value set Conditions likely terminal for opioid prescribing
Chronic Pain Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential Prescriptions
define "Chronic Pain Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential Prescriptions": ( Common."Is Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential?"( ContextPrescriptions ) ) AmbulatoryOpioidPrescription where Routines."Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Prescription?"( AmbulatoryOpioidPrescription )
Patient Is Being Prescribed Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential
define "Patient Is Being Prescribed Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential": exists( "Chronic Pain Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential Prescriptions" )
// CDC 2022 General Inclusion Criteria define "Age Less than 18 Years Is Enabled": true
define "Patient Age Less Than 18": if (Config."Age Less than 18 Years Is Enabled") then AgeInYearsAt(Today()) < 18 else false
// Sickle Cell define "Sickle Cell Check Enabled": true
define "Sickle Cell Assumed Active": true
// 3. Medications indicating end of life /* or exists ( "Medications Indicating End of Life" ) */ define "US Core-Categorized Conditions": [Condition: category in "Encounter Diagnosis Condition Category"] union [Condition: category in "Problem List Condition Category"] union [Condition: category in "US Core Health Concern Condition Category"]
define "Positive Sickle Cell Condition": if Config."Sickle Cell Check Enabled" and not Config."Sickle Cell Assumed Active" then ( "US Core-Categorized Conditions" C where C.code in "Sickle Cell Diseases" and C.clinicalStatus in "Active Condition" ) else if Config."Sickle Cell Check Enabled" and Config."Sickle Cell Assumed Active" then ( "US Core-Categorized Conditions" C where C.code in "Sickle Cell Diseases" ) else null
define "Condition Positive for Sickle Cell": if (Config."Sickle Cell Check Enabled") then exists( Common."Positive Sickle Cell Condition" ) else false
Active Cancer Treatment Encounters Condition Is Enabled
// Active Cancer Treatment define "Active Cancer Treatment Encounters Condition Is Enabled": true
// End of Opioid Naive Routine /* ** Routine #3 ** Active Cancer Treatment Routine ** ** Definition | Answer to Proceed | Details | Data (Terminology) Requirement ** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** Two office visits within the | No | Look for a minimum of two distinct | Office Visit ** past 12 months | | encounters within 12 months of the date | ** | | of the current visit for which each of the | ** | | following is true: | ** | | - the encounter diagnosis (primary or | ** | | secondary or co-morbidity diagnosis) | ** | | is listed in the CDC Malignant Cancer | ** | | Conditions value set | ** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** Office visits with an | No | The encounter is performed by an | Oncology specialty ** oncology specialist | | oncologist as defined in the oncology | designations (NUCC) ** present | | specialty designations using the | ** | | National Uniform Claim Committee | ** | | (NUCC) classifications | ** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** Office visits including CDC | No | The encounter diagnosis (primary or | CDC malignant cancer ** malignant cancer | | secondary or co-morbidity diagnosis) | conditions ** condition | | is listed in the CDC Malignant Cancer | ** | | Conditions value set | ** ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** */ define "Encounter Period": Interval[Today() - 12 months, Today())
define "USCore Encounter Cancer Diagnoses": [Condition: category in "Encounter Diagnosis Condition Category"] CancerDiagnoses where CancerDiagnoses.code in "CDC malignant cancer conditions"
Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period
// encounter-diagnosis, problem-list and health-concern Conditions // define "US Core-Categorized Cancer Diagnoses": // Common."US Core-Categorized Conditions" C // where C.code in Common."CDC malignant cancer conditions" // define "Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period": // [Encounter] Encounter // with "US Core-Categorized Cancer Diagnoses" CancerDiagnosis // such that date from Encounter.period."start".value in day of "Encounter Period" // and EndsWith(CancerDiagnosis.encounter.reference, Encounter.id) define "Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period": [Encounter] Encounters where date from Encounters.period."start" in day of "Encounter Period" and exists ( Common."USCore Encounter Cancer Diagnoses" CancerDiagnoses where EndsWith(CancerDiagnoses.encounter.reference, Encounters.id) )
Number of Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period
define "Number of Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period": Count ("Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period")
Has Two or More Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period
define "Has Two or More Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period": "Number of Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period" >= 2
define "USCore Problem List Cancer Diagnoses": [Condition: category in "Problem List Condition Category"] CancerDiagnoses where CancerDiagnoses.code in "CDC malignant cancer conditions"
Has Active Cancer Diagnosis on Problem List
define "Has Active Cancer Diagnosis on Problem List": exists ( Common."USCore Problem List Cancer Diagnoses" CancerDiagnoses where CancerDiagnoses.category in Common."Problem List Condition Category" and exists( CancerDiagnoses.clinicalStatus.coding ClinicalStatus where ClinicalStatus.code ~ 'active' ) )
define "Is Active Cancer Treatment?": if (Config."Active Cancer Treatment Encounters Condition Is Enabled") then "Has Two or More Encounters with Cancer Diagnosis During Encounter Period" or "Has Active Cancer Diagnosis on Problem List" else false
// CDC 2022 General Inclusion Criteria define "End-Stage Disease Criteria Enabled": true
Conditions Likely Terminal for Opioid Prescribing
define "Conditions Likely Terminal for Opioid Prescribing": if (Config."End-Stage Disease Criteria Enabled") then exists ( Common."US Core-Categorized Conditions" EOLC where EOLC.code in Common."Conditions likely terminal for opioid prescribing" // and EOLC.clinicalStatus in Common."Active Condition" ) else false
CDC 2022 Guideline General Inclusion Criteria
define "CDC 2022 Guideline General Inclusion Criteria": not "Patient Age Less Than 18" and not "Condition Positive for Sickle Cell" and not "Is Active Cancer Treatment?" and not "Conditions Likely Terminal for Opioid Prescribing"
PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days Criteria Enabled
// Recommendation 9 define "PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days Criteria Enabled": true
define "Look Back 90 Days": Interval[Today() - 90 days, Today()]
define "PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days": Config."PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days Criteria Enabled" and not ( exists ( [Procedure: Common."PDMP review procedure"] P where P.status ~ 'completed' and P.performed during "Look Back 90 Days" ) or exists ( [Observation: Common."PDMP data reviewed finding"] O where O.status in { 'final', 'amended' } and ( if O.effective is FHIR.Period then (O.effective as FHIR.Period) during day of "Look Back 90 Days" else if O.effective is FHIR.dateTime then date from O.effective in day of "Look Back 90 Days" else false ) ) )
define "Inclusion Criteria": "Patient Is Being Prescribed Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential" and Routines."CDC 2022 Guideline General Inclusion Criteria" and "PDMP Data Not Reviewed in Past 90 Days"
define "Is Recommendation Applicable?": "Inclusion Criteria" and not "Exclusion Criteria"
Is Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential?
define function "Is Opioid Analgesic with Ambulatory Misuse Potential?"(value List<MedicationRequest>): ("Get MedicationRequest Medication as Code"(value)) Rx where Rx.medication in "Opioid analgesics with ambulatory misuse potential" and Rx.category in "Community"
Get MedicationRequest Medication as Code
define function "Get MedicationRequest Medication as Code"(value List<MedicationRequest>): value Rx let Med: if Rx.medication is Reference then singleton from ( [Medication] M where M.id = (Last(Split((Rx.medication as FHIR.Reference).reference, '/'))) ) else null return MedicationRequest { id: Rx.id, status: Rx.status, intent: Rx.intent, category: Rx.category, medication: if Rx.medication is Reference then Med.code else Rx.medication as CodeableConcept, subject: Rx.subject, authoredOn: Rx.authoredOn, recorder: Rx.recorder, dosageInstruction: Rx.dosageInstruction, dispenseRequest: Rx.dispenseRequest }
define function ToString(value string): value.value
define function ToConcept(concept FHIR.CodeableConcept): if concept is null then null else System.Concept { codes: concept.coding C return ToCode(C), display: concept.text.value }
define function ToCode(coding FHIR.Coding): if coding is null then null else System.Code { code: coding.code.value, system: coding.system.value, version: coding.version.value, display: coding.display.value }
Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Prescription?
// End of Active Cancer Treatment Routine /* ** Routine #4 ** For Subacute or Chronic Pain Routine ** ** Definition | Answer to Proceed | Details | Data (Terminology) Requirement ** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** Order for opioid analgesic | Yes | Order for opioid analgesics with ambulatory | Opioid analgesics with ** with expected supply | | misuse potential with a supply duration of >= | ambulatory misuse potential ** duration >= 28 days | | 28 days | ** | | | ** | | - Subacute definition = order for opioid | ** | | analgesics with ambulatory misuse | ** | | potential with a supply duration of one to | ** | | two months. | ** | | - Chronic pain definition = order for opioid | ** | | analgesics with ambulatory misuse | ** | | potential with a supply duration of >= two | ** | | months. | ** ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ** */ define function "Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Prescription?"(prescription FHIR.MedicationRequest): "Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Expected Supply Duration"(prescription) or "Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Validity Period"(prescription)
Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Expected Supply Duration
define function "Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Expected Supply Duration"(prescription FHIR.MedicationRequest): ( prescription.dispenseRequest is not null and prescription.dispenseRequest.expectedSupplyDuration is not null and ( Common.GetDurationInDays(prescription.dispenseRequest.expectedSupplyDuration) >= 28 days ) )
define function GetDurationInDays(value FHIR.Duration): if value is null then null else case when value.code.value ~ 'a' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value * 365.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'mo' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value * 30.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'wk' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value * 7.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'd' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'h' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value / 24.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'min' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value / 60.0 / 24.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 's' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value / 60.0 / 60.0 / 24.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value ~ 'ms' then System.Quantity{ value: value.value.value / 60.0 / 60.0 / 24.0 / 1000.0, unit: 'days' } when value.code.value is null then Message(1000, true, 'Undefined', 'Error', 'Duration unit code is null') else Message(1000, true, 'Undefined', 'Error', 'Unsupported duration unit code: ' + value.code.value) end
Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Validity Period
define function "Is Subacute or Chronic Pain Using Validity Period"(prescription FHIR.MedicationRequest): ( prescription.dispenseRequest is not null and prescription.dispenseRequest.validityPeriod is not null and ( days between prescription.dispenseRequest.validityPeriod.start and prescription.dispenseRequest.validityPeriod.end >= 28 ) )
define function ToDateTime(value dateTime): value.value
define function ToString(value ProcedureStatus): value.value
define function ToInterval(period FHIR.Period): if period is null then null else if period."start" is null then Interval(period."start".value, period."end".value] else Interval[period."start".value, period."end".value]
define function ToString(value ObservationStatus): value.value
define function ToDateTime(value instant): value.value
Recommendation #9 - Consider Patient's History of Controlled Substance Prescriptions
CDC / Security Risk Solutions, Inc. (SRS)
When prescribing initial opioid therapy for acute, subacute, or chronic pain, and periodically during opioid therapy for chronic pain, clinicians should review the patient's history of controlled substance prescriptions using state prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) data to determine whether the patient is receiving opioid dosages or combinations that put the patient at high risk for overdose.
The 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain is intended to improve communication between clinicians and patients about the benefits and risks of pain treatments, including opioid therapy; improve the effectiveness and safety of pain treatment; mitigate pain; improve function and quality of life for patients with pain; and reduce risks associated with opioid pain therapy, including opioid use disorder, overdose, and death. The recommendations do not apply to pain related to sickle cell disease or cancer or to patients receiving palliative or end-of-life care.
At a minimum, during long-term opioid therapy, PDMP data should be reviewed before an initial opioid prescription and then every 3 months or more frequently.
2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain
Before Ordering Opioids, Review PDMP Data
Review PDMP data for this patient before completing an opioid order. For guidance about utilizing PDMP information to improve patient safety, see [Recommendation 9 of the 2022 CDC Clinical Practice Guideline](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#:~:text=Clinicians%20should%20take,see%20Recommendation%2010).). [CDC advises not to dismiss patients from your practice on the basis of PDMP information](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1.htm#:~:text=Clinicians%20should%20not%20dismiss,Recommendations%208%20and%2012%5D).)
Check whether the current order is for an opioid with ambulatory misuse potential, if the 2022 CDC guideline general inclusion criteria is met or there exists evidence of a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) review procedure or finding occurred in the past 90 days.
Access Data - Launch app to review PDMP data
Document - PDMP data reviewed, snooze 3 months
Snooze* - N/A see comment, snooze 3 months